Hayyundi Qurratuain
145110100111037
Expositoy Essay
145110100111037
Expositoy Essay
Outline
Topic :
Depression
Thesis Statement :
1. The meaning of depression
2. Its differences from common sadness
3. Causes
4. Common symptoms
5. It is a crucial thing to talk about
1. The meaning of depression
2. Its differences from common sadness
3. Causes
4. Common symptoms
5. It is a crucial thing to talk about
Body
Paragraph 1 :
Topic Sentence : Effects
Major support 1 : Effects on sufferers
Minor support 1 : Mental and physical effects
Topic Sentence : Effects
Major support 1 : Effects on sufferers
Minor support 1 : Mental and physical effects
Major support 2 : Social effects
Minor support 2 : How other people can be supportive
Minor support 2 : How other people can be supportive
Body
Paragraph 2 :
Topic Sentence : Self-harm
Major support 1 : Type of self-harm
Minor support 1 : Things to do to distract yourself
Major support 2 : Supporting projects
Minor support 2 : The Butterfly project and The Bracelet Project
Topic Sentence : Self-harm
Major support 1 : Type of self-harm
Minor support 1 : Things to do to distract yourself
Major support 2 : Supporting projects
Minor support 2 : The Butterfly project and The Bracelet Project
Body
paragraph 3 :
Topic Sentence : Suicide
Major support 1 : Rate of suicide
Minor support 1 : Recent suicide cases
Major support 2 : Causes of suicide
Minor support 2 : What to do to handle suicidal thoughts
Topic Sentence : Suicide
Major support 1 : Rate of suicide
Minor support 1 : Recent suicide cases
Major support 2 : Causes of suicide
Minor support 2 : What to do to handle suicidal thoughts
Conclusion :
1. Effect of depression
2. Summarize of the major and minor support
3. Whether it is important or not and why
1. Effect of depression
2. Summarize of the major and minor support
3. Whether it is important or not and why
Unipolar
Depression
Scrolling through news feed, it is not a rare thing
to stumble upon health news about depression: 10 Steps to Keep Yourself Away
from Depression, 7 Things You Should
Know About Depression, How to Seek Help, Help Your Loved Ones Battle
Depression, and many other. Reading so many things about depression sparks
question, what is depression?
Depression is an intense feeling of low mood,
sadness, and low self-esteem in a long period of time (lasting for weeks,
months even years) without any apparent reasons. Sometimes the feeling of
hopelessness is there out of the blue. The sufferer may feel fine in the
morning, but as the day progresses, the sufferer feel gradually lower and lower
and the unreasonable low mood will stay with them for quite long time. It seems
like the sufferer is ‘sad’.
Then what is exactly the difference between
depression and sadness? Sadness is a normal human emotion, a normal feeling. We
have all experienced sadness and there is no doubt each of us will feel sad
again at some points in our lives. Sadness is mostly caused by a difficult,
hurtful, challenging, or disappointing event, experience, or situation. In
other words, we tend to feel sad about something.
On the other hand, depression is not a normal
feeling or emotion. It is a mental disorder that affects our behavior,
perceptions, way of thinking, and perceptions in a chronic way. When the
sufferers feel sad, they tend to feel sad about everything and they feel
strongly about it. The sufferers do not necessarily need a reason to feel sad,
they do not need loss, disappointment, or difficult situation to be triggered
to feel depressed. Somehow, this is one of the reasons why they feel bad. They
most of the time know they have no reason to be sad, yet they do.
Depression is a complex disorder that is mostly linked
to the abnormality of brain. A small part of the brain, called hippocampus,
appears smaller in people with depression. The smaller hippocampus is, the fewer
serotonin is. Serotonin is one of neurotransmitters that allow communication across
circuits that connect different brain regions. Number of reasons can increase
the risk of depression in some people. Abusive childhood or relationship, death
of loved ones, major events in life, health problems, personal struggles and
genetics can play a great deal in activating this abnormal part of the brain.
Depression, it turns out, does not mean someone
constantly shuts themselves out from society. Sometimes it is laughing with
friends in the afternoon, running so many activities and staring at the ceiling
at night. So, how do we tell if someone is suffering from depression? Notice
the changes in their behavior, even the most subtle ones. Loss of interest in
things they used to enjoy is one example. We can also see in their changes of
appetites, whether they eat less or more than usual. They can also show changes
in their sleeping patterns. Complaining about being fatigued is also
increasing, along with shorter temper and irritable mood towards people.
Depression has become one of the most important
thing to talk about because it has occurred to many people; grown up’s,
elderly, and mostly teenager. The talk about how to avoid depression, how to
prevent relapse and how to help the sufferers has increased. Research about
what kind of herbs and food that can help ease depression has become a crucial thing
because the sufferers cannot always rely on medications only.
Depression has many effects on the sufferers, both mentally
and physically. Mentally, the sufferers may feel tired because the constant
loneliness is always there, the feeling of helplessness and hopelessness also
wears them out. The worst mental torture is the feeling that no one loves them
and cares for them enough to accept their condition.
Mental tiredness can affect their physical
condition. Fatigue does not seem to go away so they feel tired all the time. In
a long period of time, they can suffer from malnutrition because they do not
eat enough or obesity since they gain appetite. In some cases the sufferers may
also lose memory and find it easier to forget things.
This will have effect on their social activities.
They become too tired to do things they should do, they cannot perform well at
school or work and it will lead other people who have no idea about their
condition to start belittle them, and this, of course, can make the sufferers
feel worse about themselves.
The things people around them can do to help them is
to be always by their sides. Remind them that we will always support them.
Simple things can be done such as, helping them cleaning their rooms, making
them their favorite food, helping them rearrange things, making schedule for
them can also help them get back on track.
Depression makes the sufferers feel constant ache in
their chests. Some nights they feel too much and the ache becomes unbearable
for them, some nights they feel nothing and only numbness remain. This can
result in one thing, self-harm. Whether it is to make them forget the pain in
their chests or to just feel something when the numbness is there.
Self-harm is an action to hurt yourself without any intention
in killing yourself. Self-harm has many forms; cutting yourself with sharp
objects, scratching your skin with nails, burning yourself or hitting yourself
with objects or just with your hand. The sufferers may feel relieved after they
hurt themselves, they finally feel something to distract themselves from the
pain or numbness in their chests.
Self-harm is not the right escape, of course. There
are things that could be done to distract yourself from the pain or numbness.
You can use your pillow to hit the wall, break sticks, rip up old newspaper or
phonebook, you can distract yourself with a relaxing bath or write your emotion
on a piece of paper. Try to channel your emotion, do not keep them bottled up.
Some people who are concerned about self-harm have
made some movements to show their support. They make some projects to help the
sufferers such as, The Butterfly Project and The Bracelet Project. The
Butterfly project started in 2010 when a blogger suggested the sufferers should
draw butterflies on spots the usually hurt and if they hurt that spot, that
means they kill the butterfly. The purpose is to avoid killing butterflies as
many as possible.
The Bracelet Project is made to show our support for
the sufferers of mental illness. The participants, as well as the sufferers who
join this project, wear bracelets in colors that represent each disorder. Black
is used to represent self-harm and blue represents depression. There are many
other colors that represent eating disorder, panic disorder, personality
disorder and many others.
The worst thing that can happen to people with
depression is suicide. The constant sadness and other negative emotions may
lead to suicidal thoughts, some people take this was as a shortcut to end their
suffer. According to AFSP, more than 1.5 millions people committed suicide in
last year alone and approximately 1 million attempts of suicide happen every
year. Over the last 10 years, AFSP reports, suicide rate has generally
increased, and by 2014 it stood at 12.9 deaths per 100,000 people.
One of the most talked about suicide case is actor
Robin Williams who committed suicide in August 2014. Many speculation arose
regarding his death and it became wildly known he had been suffering from
depression all his life and finally lost his battle. He is an example that depression
sometimes invisible to the eyes that are not paying attention.
The sufferers of depression sometimes feel so
helpless and lonely and it feels like people around them do not care enough.
They feel like the pain is too much to handle and it makes them feel like they
should end it soon, so suicide has become their fastest way to escape.
When the sufferers begin to talk about death a lot,
the thing we should do is talk to them about it. Remind them that death is not
the right solution to end pain. Convince them to seek professional help and the
right treatment so they can get the medications that they should have. It is a
long process but it is better than ending life.
Depression is a life-changing condition both for the
sufferers and people around them. The effects depression has can turn life for
the worse, if it ends in suicide, or for the better, if it is finally overcome.
It is important for us to learn about it, to know more, because it can help us
help others. However, we should take care of ourselves too before taking care
of others. We have to help ourselves first in order to help others. It is a
long journey to overcome depression, it takes a long time but remember that
suicide only erases the opportunity of it ever getting better.
Sources:
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